V2X: Bi-Directional Use of Electric Power From Vehicles
This SEAC document provides an overview of the current codes and standards related to “vehicle-to-everything" (V2X).
The intent of this document is to assist the reader in navigating through the current codes and standards related to “vehicle-to-everything (V2X)”. The term “V2X” refers to vehicles providing power to other devices or electrical systems external to the vehicle itself. Common category terminology within V2X typically includes, but is not limited to, vehicle-to-load (V2L), vehicle-to-home (V2H), and vehicle-to-grid (V2G).
The goal of the document is to provide a basic understanding of the knowledge needed for the reader to provide general information for those that desire to properly design, permit, and/or inspect systems for the bi-directional use of electric power from vehicles. There are other documents and requirements, such as the electrical code and local regulations, which are not addressed herein. It is recommended that the user become knowledgeable of the safety requirements for installation and utilize a professional as needed.
This document will discuss example configurations that cover the following classes of V2X applications (ordered from simpler to complex):
- Vehicle-to-Load (V2L): EV power for loads plugged into vehicle power receptacles.
- Vehicle-to-Home (V2H): EV power for grid-isolated backup power.
- Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G): EV power for a grid connected premise wiring system.
These V2X applications are a subset of the use cases defined in the electric vehicle stationary equipment safety standard UL 9741 and represent the most common uses of bi-directional power today.
This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Solar Energy and Technologies Office Award Number DE-EE0009001.0000. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government.
